Regenerative medicine including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, NK cell therapy and secretome therapy is an active area of clinical research. The conditions listed on this page represent areas where 23C Regen provides assessments and, where appropriate, personalised treatment plans.
Not all conditions respond equally, and not all patients are suitable candidates. Evidence for regenerative approaches varies significantly across conditions from published clinical data to early-phase investigation. This page separates those categories clearly so you can enter a consultation with realistic expectations.
To understand whether assessment is appropriate for your situation, contact our team or review our treatment options.
How We Assess Suitability
Every patient who enquires about regenerative therapy at 23C Regen goes through a structured assessment before any treatment is discussed. This includes a review of diagnosis, current treatment history, overall health status and the available evidence for their specific condition. Assessment does not commit you to treatment. Its purpose is to determine whether regenerative therapy is appropriate for your situation, and to give you honest information about what it may and may not achieve alongside your existing standard care.Conditions by Category
Conditions are grouped below by system and by the current state of clinical evidence for regenerative approaches. Where a dedicated condition page exists, it is linked.Musculoskeletal and Joint Conditions
This is one of the most researched areas of MSC therapy, with multiple published clinical trials examining outcomes in joint degeneration, cartilage repair and pain reduction.| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Knee Osteoarthritis | Clinical trial data available | Among the most studied applications of MSC therapy |
| Osteoarthritis (other joints) | Clinical trial data available | Evidence extends to hip and shoulder joints |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | Early clinical data | Immunomodulatory properties under investigation |
| Cartilage Damage | Clinical trial data available | Cartilage repair is a primary research focus for MSCs |
| Musculoskeletal Disorders | Varies by diagnosis | Assessment required to determine applicability |
Neurological Conditions
Research into regenerative approaches for neurological conditions is active and growing, but outcomes are more variable and evidence levels differ significantly between conditions.| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Post-Stroke Recovery | Early-phase clinical data | Timing post-stroke is a key factor in assessment |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage (Sequelae) | Early-phase clinical data | Post-acute phase; assessment required |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | Early-phase clinical data | Phase I/II trials underway internationally |
| Spinal Cord Injury | Early-phase clinical data | Functional recovery outcomes vary by injury level |
| Cerebral Palsy | Investigational | Small studies; no established standard of care via regenerative therapy |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Investigational | Autologous HSC trials show early promise; MSC data emerging |
| Parkinson’s Disease | Investigational | Pre-clinical and early-phase research stage |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | Investigational | Research ongoing; no clinically established regenerative protocol |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | Investigational | Early-phase safety data only |
| Huntington’s Disease | Investigational | Early-phase pre-clinical and trial data |
| Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) | Investigational | Small case series and early-phase data |
| Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) | Investigational | Limited published data |
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) | Investigational | Existing approved therapies (e.g. nusinersen) are standard of care; regenerative role under study |
| Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) | Investigational | Neonatal and paediatric studies underway |
| Cerebral Dysplasia | Investigational | Very limited published data |
| Encephalomyelitis | Investigational | Case-level evidence only |
| Viral Encephalitis | Investigational | Post-infectious sequelae; assessment required |
| Syringomyelia | Investigational | Limited clinical data |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy | Investigational | Gene and cell therapy research ongoing separately |
| Developmental Delay (Global Developmental Delay) | Investigational | Diagnosis-specific assessment required |
Ophthalmic Conditions
Ocular conditions represent an emerging area of regenerative medicine research. Most applications remain investigational and results vary significantly by diagnosis and disease stage.| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Investigational | Phase I/II safety trials conducted internationally |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Investigational | Early-phase data; systemic diabetes management remains standard of care |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) | Investigational | Small trials; genetic subtype affects applicability |
| Optic Nerve Atrophy (ONA) | Investigational | Very limited data; cause-specific |
| Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) | Investigational | Paediatric presentation; limited published clinical evidence |
| Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) | Investigational | Gene therapy is the primary research direction; MSC role early-stage |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) | Investigational | Neonatal condition; very limited regenerative data |
| Optic Nerve Septal Dysplasia | Investigational | Extremely limited clinical evidence |
| Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Investigational | Cochlear hair cell regeneration research active; no established protocol |
| Glaucoma | Investigational | Neuroprotection and trabecular repair under investigation |
Liver and Gastrointestinal Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Liver Cirrhosis | Early clinical data | Published MSC infusion studies for hepatic fibrosis |
| Fatty Liver Disease | Early clinical data | Lifestyle and metabolic management remains the primary approach |
| Crohn’s Disease | Early clinical data | MSC therapy for fistulating Crohn’s has published trial data |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Early clinical data | Crohn’s and UC research ongoing |
Kidney and Renal Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Early clinical data | Published pilot data for CKD; nephrology review required |
| Renal Failure | Early clinical data | Stage and aetiology determine applicability; nephrology co-management essential |
Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Early clinical data | Published MSC studies for insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Investigational | Autoimmune targeting of beta cells; immunomodulation under study |
Cardiovascular and Vascular Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction | Investigational | Cardiac MSC and cell therapy trials published; outcomes vary |
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) | Investigational | Angiogenesis-promoting cell therapies under study |
| Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) | Investigational | Early clinical trial data available |
| Lower Limb Ischemia | Investigational | Subset of PAD/CLI category |
| Vascular Repair Disorders | Investigational | Varies significantly by diagnosis |
| Diabetic Foot Ulcer | Early clinical data | MSC and secretome approaches for wound healing studied |
| After Open-Heart Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease | Investigational | Post-surgical recovery context; limited published data |
Neurological Pain Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Chronic Pain | Early clinical data | Anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs under study for pain modulation |
| Neuropathic Pain | Early clinical data | Peripheral and central mechanisms; cause-specific |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | Early clinical data | Diabetic and non-diabetic subtypes; varies by cause |
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Conditions
| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | Early clinical data | Published MSC trials for refractory SLE |
| Sjögren’s Syndrome | Investigational | Small case series; early-phase |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Investigational | See Neurological section above |
Paediatric and Developmental Conditions
These conditions affect children and young people. Regenerative approaches are at an investigational stage across this group. All assessments for paediatric patients involve detailed review and, where appropriate, coordination with the child’s existing specialist team.| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Investigational | Small published trials; outcomes mixed; no established regenerative protocol |
| Down Syndrome | Investigational | No established clinical evidence for regenerative therapy; early-phase only |
| Cerebral Palsy | Investigational | See Neurological section above |
| Spina Bifida | Investigational | Post-surgical management context; limited data |
| Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) | Investigational | See Neurological section above |
| Developmental Delay (Global Developmental Delay) | Investigational | Requires diagnosis-specific evaluation |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) | Investigational | See Ophthalmic section above |
Oncology
Regenerative and cellular immunotherapy research in oncology is distinct from the MSC and secretome therapies applied to the conditions above. Where we assess oncology patients, this is done within a clear clinical trial context and in coordination with the patient’s oncologist.| Condition | Evidence level | Notes |
| Ovarian Cancer | Clinical trial context only | NK cell and immunotherapy research; not a standard 23C Regen treatment; specialist oncology co-management required |
| Cancer (other) | Investigational / clinical trial context | Assessed individually; standard oncology treatment takes precedence |
What “Investigational” Means at 23C Regen
Where a condition is listed as investigational, this means:- Published peer-reviewed evidence for regenerative therapy in this condition is limited to early-phase, small-sample or pre-clinical studies
- There is no established clinical protocol accepted as standard of care
- 23C Regen may still assess patients for these conditions, but the conversation at assessment will focus on what is and is not known, and what realistic expectations look like
- Treatment for investigational indications is not offered as a replacement for existing standard medical care
Important Considerations Before Enquiring
Regenerative therapy is not a cure for any condition listed on this page. It is an adjunct or complementary approach being evaluated alongside, not instead of, standard medical treatment. Existing medical care should not be discontinued in favour of regenerative therapy without discussion with your treating specialist. Suitability varies significantly between patients with the same diagnosis. Two people with the same condition may have very different assessment outcomes depending on disease stage, overall health, current medications and treatment history. We do not treat all conditions listed here as a matter of routine. Some are assessed only when standard care options have been explored and the clinical picture supports consideration of regenerative approaches.Next Steps
If you are considering an assessment for yourself or a family member, the most useful first step is a direct conversation with our clinical team.- Contact us to enquire about assessment
- Understand the full assessment and treatment process
- Learn about the therapies we offer
- Read about our cell culture facility
- Understand what makes Wharton’s Jelly MSCs different